Bibliography

Bibliography

Campaign brief, Lynx tackles the trials and tribulations of manhood in latest campaign via Droga5, Sydney available at: http://www.campaignbrief.com/2013/10/lynx-tackles-the-trials-and-tr.html

Claire Cozens. lynx freshens up. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/nov/20/marketingandpr.

Eco Umberto (2004) [1962]. "The Myth of Superman". In Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester. Arguing Comics. University Press of Mississippi.

Jones, Geppetto. "Snuff, Sidekicks, and the Apocalypse Suite," found at: http://archive.is/MgJUq#selection-493.61-493.172

Lord Raglan. The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama by Lord Raglan, Dover Publications, 1936

Mark Duell. Chef who said the word 'golliwog' as he discussed Robertson's jam in front of black colleague is guilty of racial harassment Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2526002/Chef-said-word-golliwog-discussed-Robertsons-jam-black-colleague.html

                 

McNamera Mary, Available at: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-sidekicks5-2008may05,0,4406026.story#axzz2xRlbIEyB

Oliver Luft. Riupert Murdoch issues personal apology for racist chimpanzee cartoon available at: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/feb/24/rupert-murdoch-sorry-chimpanzee-cartoon

“Raising the flag on Iwo Jima”: The most reproduced and parodied photo in history?, Available at: usni.org/iwo-jima-parody-photos

Terra daily: Danish Christmas Tree Shortage Threatens Prices Across Europe, available at: http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Danish_Christmas_Tree_Shortage_Threatens_Prices_Across_Europe_999.html

Tv tropes, available at: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/YourPrincessIsInAnotherCastle?from=Main.OurPrincessIsInAnotherCastle

Vladimir Propp, Morphology of the Folk Tale

Conclusion

In conclusion the stereotyping of characters has not lessened over the years and will most likely continue to be a large influence on the film industry as they allow film directors to create instantly recognizable and lovable characters that people can easily understand the motives and views of, Clichés are one of the biggest weapons in an advertisers arsenal as they allow you to use easily recognizable imagery to get across a point. The portrayal of women in the media although improving is still a large issue and one that sets up many debates and this is also true for the representation of people of colored descent in news and media.

Rupert Bear racism

The representation of black people in cartoons of the early 90’s all the way up till the end of WWII, was generally derogatory, they were mostly shown as near black in colour with huge pink lips and soles of there feet, they also generally had wild or spiky hair and usually didn’t speak English. They were featured in such children’s books as Rupert bear and Noddy and were even given characters including the hotly debated Golliwog. The Golliwog has been featured in his own children’s books ad was the mascot and featured on the Robertson jam label until it was removed in 2001. The term golliwog is now known as an “overtly racial comment. Golliwog cannot be interpreted in any other way.”(12) Rupert bear features the character coco that is a black girl who comes from ‘Coon Island’ she doesn’t speek English as Rupert is seen stating that, “this is quite absurd, I cannot understand a word” also they live in mud huts on the island and generally are shown as lesser creatures almost tribal in a sense. Although the representation of black people has improved vastly in the media there are still certain instances of racism that get picked up on such as the New York post’s cartoon that depicts police shooting a chimpanzee that was likened to Barack Obama. The cartoon “prompted accusations that the Post was peddling a longstanding racist slur by portraying the president…as an ape”(13) this however is a rare case and in general the worlds outlook on any race has improved.

(12)Mark Duell

(13)Oliver Luft

The representation of attitudes and cultural mores intro and lynx sexism

The representation of attitudes in the media especially women and foreigners in the media is a hotly debated one with many people calling advertisers sexist/racist and in many cases this is true, certain advertisers are now pushing to create adds that represent people in a good light and that show fair treatment for all.

Lynx’s advertising campaigns are a very major example of the use of women to interest a target audience, in many of there newer adds they focus on the fact that using lynx will cause flocks of women to rush to you, many other advertising companies use women in there adverts, some not for the same ideology, Snickers for example use a woman to represent a man when he hasn’t eaten enough however recently both Snickers and Lynx have released somewhat women friendly adds lynx released one in Australia that as David Nobay, creative chairman of Droga5 states is moving on from the “days of the simple tale of ‘boys sprays/boy gets girl’ have moved on”(9) showing a much better attitude towards their marketing. Although initially the lynx adds were well received, in fact “the lynx effect” as it was termed “won a top ward at the Cannes International Advertising Festival-the ad industry’s equivalent of the Oscars”(10) but over time and after repeatedly using the theme culminating adverts in which  massive ‘hordes’ of women descended on guys who sparayed on lynx. Not only does lynx degrade women in its advertisements they also focus on the fact that with lynx yu can be the ‘right’ man that women need with one advert “featured Friends star Jennifer Aniston pictured in bed reading a book entitled How to Keep Your Man. The man in question is a nerd, naturally, transformed into a cool dude with a lick of Lynx.”(11) This shows that lynx will happily target both men and women with their advertising but in term alienate a section of the public as well.

(9)Campaign brief

(10)Claire Cozens

(11)Claire Cozens

Christmas tree imagery

The usage of the Christmas tree imagery around Christmas time is an age old one it is used in almost every area of advertising from beer adds to coffee and even blood transfusion, the image is so prevalent in representing that time of year that if it is shown at any other time of year it is almost certainly going to be met with confusion. The reasoning behind the use of Christmas trees are one of the most lucrative trades at that time of year in Europe alone the demand for live trees reaches about 50 million per year. Denmark is one of the biggest producers of fir trees at Christmas time it “produces between eight and nine million Norman Firs annually 90 percent of which are exported within Europe, primarily to Germany, Britain, France and Austria.”(8) so with the industry for Christmas trees booming, it is only natural that advertisers would use this iconic plant to boost there marketing at the same time, one of the reasons it is so effective in advertising is its simple shape the fact that a generalized triangle, usually with a star or similar on top is enough to spark our imaginations into visualizing a tree, is a testament to the power of advertising. There are of course other Christmas based advertising imagery such as a snowman or snowflake and of course the stereotypical wrapped Christmas present, however none of these have as much of an impact as the classic Christmas tree.

(8) Terra daily: Danish Christmas Tree Shortage Threatens Prices Across Europe